"Geology and Geochemistry of Oil and Gas" by L. Buryakovsky, N.A. Eremenko, M.V. Gorfunkel, G.V. Chilingarian

Description

This book discusses the progress that is being made through innovations in instrumental measurements of geologic and geochemical systems and their study using modern mathematical modeling. Fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons are discussed with worldwide examples. Various physical and chemical properties of subsurface waters, crude oils and natural gases are described which is especially important to production engineering.

Discussion of the formation and accumulation of hydrocarbons includes
1) the changes in the chemical composition of hydrocarbons that originate from the debris of living plants and organisms to form crude oil and natural gas;
2) the origin of hydrocarbons in different areas of a single reservoir;
3) the conditions, which determine the distribution of water, oil and gas in the reservoir;
4) the migration of subsurface fluids until they eventually accumulate in isolated traps;
5) discussion of the traps as a function of sedimentary geology and tectonics.
This is based on the systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems using analytical and statistical principles and examples of modern mathematical modeling of static and dynamic systems.
* Discusses fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, and generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons
* Presents a systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems

Contents
Dedication
Foreword
Preface
Nomenclature
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 SYSTEMS APPROACH IN SCIENCE
Natural systems and their classification
Rocks, water, organic matter, and gases as a specific natural system
Systems approach in petroleum geology
Chapter 2 OIL AND GAS-BEARING ROCKS
Composition of oil- and gas-bearing rocks
Reservoir rocks
Porosity
Permeability
Caprocks
Oil and gas reservoirs
Chapter 3 TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE IN THE SUBSURFACE
Deformation of rocks in depth
Porosity and permeability versus depth of burial
Temperature
Paleotemperature
Abnormally-high formation pressure
Well-logging data
Seismic data
Drilling data
Effect of pressure and temperature
Effect of formation water chemistry
Secondary montmorillonite
Origin of abnormal formation pressures
Chapter 4 WATER
Physical and chemical properties of waters
Classifications of oilfield waters
Water drive
Water drive systems
Chapter 5 CRUDE OILS
Composition of crude oils
Classification of crude oils
Chapter 6 NATURAL GASES AND CONDENSATES
Composition of natural gases
Isotope composition of natural gases
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Inert gases
Physical properties of natural gases
Gas density
Combustion heating value
Compressibility of natural gases
Deviation of pressure at bottom of gas column
Gas viscosity
Hydrate formation
Solubility of gases in water
Solubility of hydrocarbon gases in crude oils
Phase transformation and condensates
Chapter 7 DISPERSED ORGANIC MATTER
Organic matter insoluble in organic solvents: Kerogen
Insoluble Portion of Organic Matter
Organic matter soluble in organic solvents
Combined studies of soluble and insoluble portions of organic matter
Chapter 8 ORIGIN OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS
Initial organic matter and its transformation
Stagewise nature and cyclic transformation of organic matter
Role of energy in the oil generation process
Chapter 9 FORMATION OF HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATIONS
Sedimentary basins
Hydrocarbon expulsion (‘‘Primary Migration’’), heterogeneity of the medium, dissolution in water and gas, diffusion
Overburden Pressure
Pore Pressure
Rock Compaction
Temperature
Geochemical Non-Uniformity
Dissolution in Compressed Gases (See Retrograde Dissolution in Chapter 6)
Diffusion
Primary accumulation and free phase migration (‘‘Secondary Migration’’)
Time of formation of hydrocarbon accumulations
Paleogeologic Method
Mineralogic Technique
Helium–Argon Technique
Determination Based on the Composition of Oil Fractions with Boiling Point Below 2001C
Volumetric Technique
Saturation Pressure Technique
Chapter 10 CLASSIFICATIONS OF OIL AND GAS ACCUMULATIONS
Classification of types of oil and gas accumulations and traps. Reserves, fluid quality, and production rates
Classification of hydrocarbon accumulations based on the phase relationships
Gas accumulations
Oil accumulations
Classification of oil and gas reservoirs based on drive mechanism
Solution gas drive
Gas-cap drive
Water drive
Gravity drainage
Combination-drive reservoirs
Open combination-drive reservoirs
Closed combination-drive reservoirs
Classification of hydrocarbon accumulations based on the type of traps
Vertical zonation of hydrocarbon accumulations
Chapter 11 MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
Principles of mathematical modeling of geologic systems
Models of static geologic systems
Analytical approach
Entropy of geologic systems
Anisotropy of sedimentary rocks
Petrophysical relationships
Statistical approach
One-dimensional models
Rock properties
Crude oil properties
Two-dimensional models
Reservoir rocks
Crude oil
Natural gas
Formation water
Multidimensional models
Reservoir rocks
Crude oil
Models of dynamic geologic systems
Analytical approach
Statistical approach
Combination of analytical and statistical approaches
Sediment compaction
Simulation of rock properties
Prediction of rock properties
Prediction of hydrocarbon reserves
Evolution of pore-fluid (formation) pressure
Simulation of oil/water mobility
Algorithm of accelerated exploration for hydrocarbon accumulations
Concluding remarks
Appendix A (Wettability and Capillarity)
Appendix B (Permeability)
Appendix C (Glossary)
References and Bibliography
Index